The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the enforcement of the policy to enhance the health insurance coverage of cancer patients (reduction of legal patient share of payment from 20% to 10% from September 2005 and the reduction of patient share of outpatient treatment from 10% to 5% from July 2009) has improved the medical service patterns and patient outcomes of the patients and inequity in medical and health service usage. The study was also aimed to understand the achievements of the policy in order to provide the basis for future policies.