National Cervical Screening Programme in Korea recommends that a biannual cervical pap smear test interval is appropriate for women over 30 years. Conventional cytology is relatively simple and cheap method of cervical cancer screening and eventually has reduced the cervical cancer incidence and mortality. However, several studies in abroad have shown the relatively high false negative rate and reported that HPV testing is more sensitive than cytology. The recent updated guidelines from Korean Society of Gynecology Oncology and Korean Society of Pathologists in 2012 recommends that annual pap smear test in the age group 20~29 years and biannual screening of pap smear and HPV test in the age group 30~70 years.